Aligning IPv4 and IPv6 numbering
I use following Class C for three network location:
- 192.168.16.0/20 - location 1
- 192.168.32.0/20 - location 2
- 192.168.48.0/20 - location 3
That gives 16 subnets per location, e.g. main network, guest network, IoT, DMZ, etc. The VLAN id is added to third octet, so if I use VLAN 1 and VLAN 5, it will give:
- 192.168.17.0/24 - main network in location 1, VLAN 1.
- 192.168.21.0/24 - guest netwoek in location 1, VLAN 5.
- 192.168.49.0/24 - main network in location 3, VLAN 1.
- 192.168.53.0/24 - guest netwoek in location 3, VLAN 5.
You, get it simple schema.
By adding ip6assign and ip6hint to /etc/config/network, I can achieve aligment at 8th octet of IPv6 addresses.
Aligment with VLAN and IPv4 scheme.
E.g. the following:
config interface 'vlan1'
option device 'br-lan.1'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '192.168.33.1'
option netmask '255.255.255.0'
option ip6assign '64'
option ip6hint '21'
config interface 'vlan5'
option device 'br-lan.5'
option proto 'static'
option ipaddr '192.168.37.1'
option netmask '255.255.255.0'
option ip6assign '64'
option ip6hint '25'
produces that network numbering:
root@OpenWrt:~# ifconfig
br-lan.1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 78:8A:20:09:77:2E
inet addr:192.168.33.1 Bcast:192.168.33.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fd15:329d:90c0:21::1/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::7a8a:20ff:fe09:772e/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10232 errors:0 dropped:3 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3260521 (3.1 MiB) TX bytes:3099369 (2.9 MiB)
br-lan.5 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 78:8A:20:09:77:2E
inet addr:192.168.37.1 Bcast:192.168.37.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::7a8a:20ff:fe09:772e/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: fd15:329d:90c0:25::1/64 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:92 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:4440 (4.3 KiB)
Pretty good result - look for ULA addresses above, i.e. those starting with fd15:329d:90c0: prefix.
21hex == 33dec, 25hex = 27dec, etc…
Building Raspberry Pi 5 router.
Adding cheap USB 3.0 Gigabit adapter.
Found in my drawer that one: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B010SEARPU/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_search_asin_title?ie=UTF8&psc=1
Purchased long time ago, and waiting to be used. Here is what dmesg reports:
[1789154.882570] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci-hcd
[1789154.918564] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8153, bcdDevice=30.00
[1789154.926955] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6
[1789154.934315] usb 2-1: Product: USB 10/100/1000 LAN
[1789154.939217] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Realtek
[1789154.943521] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 000001
The above suggests it is Realtek 8153. Let’s dig a bit to get more info and hopefully get it recognized as eth1.
opkg install usbutils
root@OpenWrt:~# lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux 6.6.52 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux 6.6.52 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:8153 Realtek USB 10/100/1000 LAN
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux 6.6.52 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux 6.6.52 xhci-hcd xHCI Host Controller
root@OpenWrt:~# lsusb -v
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0bda:8153 Realtek USB 10/100/1000 LAN
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 3.00
bDeviceClass 0 [unknown]
bDeviceSubClass 0 [unknown]
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 9
idVendor 0x0bda Realtek
idProduct 0x8153 USB 10/100/1000 LAN
bcdDevice 30.00
iManufacturer 1 Realtek
iProduct 2 USB 10/100/1000 LAN
iSerial 6 000001
bNumConfigurations 2
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 0x0039
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0xa0
(Bus Powered)
Remote Wakeup
MaxPower 288mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 3
bInterfaceClass 255 [unknown]
bInterfaceSubClass 255 [unknown]
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 3
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 3
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0002 1x 2 bytes
bInterval 8
bMaxBurst 0
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 0x0062
bNumInterfaces 2
bConfigurationValue 2
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0xa0
(Bus Powered)
Remote Wakeup
MaxPower 288mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 1
bInterfaceClass 2 [unknown]
bInterfaceSubClass 6 [unknown]
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 5 CDC Communications Control
CDC Header:
bcdCDC 1.10
CDC Union:
bMasterInterface 0
bSlaveInterface 1
CDC Ethernet:
iMacAddress 3 00E04C6B1289
bmEthernetStatistics 0x00000000
wMaxSegmentSize 1514
wNumberMCFilters 0x0000
bNumberPowerFilters 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 3
Transfer Type Interrupt
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0010 1x 16 bytes
bInterval 8
bMaxBurst 0
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 0
bInterfaceClass 10 [unknown]
bInterfaceSubClass 0 [unknown]
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 0
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 1
bAlternateSetting 1
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 10 [unknown]
bInterfaceSubClass 0 [unknown]
bInterfaceProtocol 0
iInterface 4 Ethernet Data
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 3
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0400 1x 1024 bytes
bInterval 0
bMaxBurst 3
Binary Object Store Descriptor:
bLength 5
bDescriptorType 15
wTotalLength 0x0016
bNumDeviceCaps 2
USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 2
bmAttributes 0x00000002
HIRD Link Power Management (LPM) Supported
SuperSpeed USB Device Capability:
bLength 10
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 3
bmAttributes 0x02
Latency Tolerance Messages (LTM) Supported
wSpeedsSupported 0x000e
Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps)
Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps)
Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)
bFunctionalitySupport 2
Lowest fully-functional device speed is High Speed (480Mbps)
bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds
bU2DevExitLat 2047 micro seconds
Device Status: 0x0010
(Bus Powered)
Latency Tolerance Messaging (LTM) Enabled
From internet search, it seems that for Realtek 8153, the kmod-usb-net-rtl8152 module should be loaded.
root@OpenWrt:~# opkg install kmod-usb-net-rtl8152
Installing kmod-usb-net-rtl8152 (6.6.52-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.52-1-b6fec427941eaba47c30194b8e61bef5/kmod-usb-net-rtl8152_6.6.52-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Collected errors:
* pkg_hash_check_unresolved: cannot find dependency kernel (= 6.6.57~f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff-r1) for kmod-usb-core
* pkg_hash_check_unresolved: cannot find dependency kernel (= 6.6.57~f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff-r1) for kmod-usb-net
* pkg_hash_check_unresolved: cannot find dependency kernel (= 6.6.57~f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff-r1) for kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether
* pkg_hash_check_unresolved: cannot find dependency kernel (= 6.6.57~f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff-r1) for kmod-usb-net-rtl8152
* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for kmod-usb-net-rtl8152:
* kernel (= 6.6.57~f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff-r1)
* opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package kmod-usb-net-rtl8152.
Seems it did not get that easy… Can’t find anything conclusive on web… Maybe it is down to snapshot nature of OpenWrt RPi5 image and simply too much time passed between install and my attempt to add secondary Ethernet? Let’s try to upgrade OpenWrt install…
root@OpenWrt:/tmp# wget https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots//targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-s
quashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz
Downloading 'https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots//targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz'
Connecting to 151.101.2.132:443
Writing to 'openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz'
openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2 100% |*******************************| 11146k 0:00:00 ETA
Download completed (11413644 bytes)
root@OpenWrt:/tmp# sha256sum openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz
0c2b8888348456fed5e217df966ff95d3fa9d582b3e06f141d312935f522a3d8 openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz
root@OpenWrt:/tmp# sysupgrade -i openwrt-bcm27xx-bcm2712-rpi-5-squashfs-sysupgrade.img.gz
Sun Oct 20 19:53:55 UTC 2024 upgrade: Reading partition table from bootdisk...
Sun Oct 20 19:53:55 UTC 2024 upgrade: Reading partition table from image...
Keep config files over reflash (Y/n):
Edit config file list (y/N):
Sun Oct 20 19:54:05 UTC 2024 upgrade: Saving config files...
Sun Oct 20 19:54:06 UTC 2024 upgrade: Commencing upgrade. Closing all shell sessions.
Command failed: Connection failed
root@OpenWrt:/tmp# Connection to 192.168.17.160 closed by remote host.
Connection to 192.168.17.160 closed.
And let’s try again:
root@OpenWrt:~# opkg install kmod-usb-net-rtl8152
Installing kmod-usb-net-rtl8152 (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-usb-net-rtl8152_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing r8152-firmware (20241017-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/packages/aarch64_cortex-a76/base/r8152-firmware_20241017-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing kmod-crypto-sha256 (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-crypto-sha256_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing kmod-mii (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-mii_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing kmod-usb-net (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-usb-net_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Installing kmod-usb-net-cdc-ncm (6.6.57-r1) to root...
Downloading https://downloads.openwrt.org/snapshots/targets/bcm27xx/bcm2712/kmods/6.6.57-1-f2bf037eb1aee57cefd90e0e10838bff/kmod-usb-net-cdc-ncm_6.6.57-r1_aarch64_cortex-a76.ipk
Configuring kmod-mii.
Configuring kmod-crypto-sha256.
Configuring kmod-usb-net.
Configuring kmod-usb-net-cdc-ether.
Configuring kmod-usb-net-cdc-ncm.
Configuring r8152-firmware.
Configuring kmod-usb-net-rtl8152.
Wow. It was just dependency problem… Let’s check dmesg again:
[ 1594.247562] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.255381] usbcore: registered new device driver r8152-cfgselector
[ 1594.497498] r8152-cfgselector 2-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 2 using xhci-hcd
[ 1594.645495] r8152 2-1:1.0: load rtl8153a-4 v2 02/07/20 successfully
[ 1594.707148] r8152 2-1:1.0 eth1: v1.12.13
[ 1594.711127] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8152
[ 1594.717588] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[ 1594.723797] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm
[ 1594.729527] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.742757] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.749678] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.763224] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.770094] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.783342] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.790226] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.803678] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.810570] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.829175] kmodloader: loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
[ 1594.836123] kmodloader: done loading kernel modules from /etc/modules.d/*
Perfect, seems I have eth1 now.
br-lan Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2C:CF:67:7B:31:16
inet addr:192.168.17.160 Bcast:192.168.17.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::2ecf:67ff:fe7b:3116/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: fd03:dd25:6304::1/60 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:56900 errors:0 dropped:34 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6994 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:6953213 (6.6 MiB) TX bytes:1079562 (1.0 MiB)
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 2C:CF:67:7B:31:16
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:57496 errors:0 dropped:61 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6998 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7000194 (6.6 MiB) TX bytes:1086931 (1.0 MiB)
Interrupt:102
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:232 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:33710 (32.9 KiB) TX bytes:33710 (32.9 KiB)